India has urged for comprehensive reforms of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), emphasizing the need for changes in membership categories, regional representation, the council’s size, working methods, and the use of veto power. India’s Permanent Representative to the UN, Parvathaneni Harish, advocated for addressing these areas collectively, rather than isolating the veto issue, during his speech at the United Nations.
Harish highlighted that the veto power, currently held by the five permanent members—United States, United Kingdom, France, Russia, and China—should be exercised with restraint and should not serve narrow political interests. He noted that the frequent use of veto power by a limited number of countries has adversely affected the council’s credibility and effectiveness.
Throughout the UN’s history, the veto has been used 331 times, primarily by three of the five permanent members. Harish referenced a 2022 initiative that mandates a UN General Assembly debate whenever a veto is issued, aiming to enhance accountability. India contends that any new framework for permanent membership should ensure equal rights and responsibilities, including equitable access to veto power. The country warns that establishing a category of permanent members without equivalent veto rights could further complicate reform efforts.
Furthermore, India reaffirmed its endorsement of the Common African Position, which supports a unified African Union approach to Security Council reforms. This move aligns with India’s broader objective of creating a more representative and accountable Security Council capable of effectively addressing contemporary global challenges.